332 research outputs found
Optical Spin Orientation in Strained Superlattices
Optical orientation in the strained semiconductor superlattices is
investigated theoretically. The dependence of the features in spin-polarization
spectra on the structure parameters is clarified. The value of polarization in
the first polarization maximum in the SL structures is shown to grow with the
splitting between the hh- and lh- states of the valence band, the joint strain
and confinement effects on the hh1- lh1 splitting being strongly influenced by
the tunneling in the barriers. In strained structures with high barriers for
the holes initial polarization can exceed 95 %. Calculated polarization spectra
are close to the experimental spectra of polarized electron emission.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure
Manipulation of the Spin Memory of Electrons in n-GaAs
We report on the optical manipulation of the electron spin relaxation time in
a GaAs based heterostructure. Experimental and theoretical study shows that the
average electron spin relaxes through hyperfine interaction with the lattice
nuclei, and that the rate can be controlled by the electron-electron
interactions. This time has been changed from 300 ns down to 5 ns by variation
of the laser frequency. This modification originates in the optically induced
depletion of n-GaAs layer
Long-term Dynamics of the Electron-nuclear Spin System of a Semiconductor Quantum Dot
A quasi-classical theoretical description of polarization and relaxation of
nuclear spins in a quantum dot with one resident electron is developed for
arbitrary mechanisms of electron spin polarization. The dependence of the
electron-nuclear spin dynamics on the correlation time of electron
spin precession, with frequency , in the nuclear hyperfine field is
analyzed. It is demonstrated that the highest nuclear polarization is achieved
for a correlation time close to the period of electron spin precession in the
nuclear field. For these and larger correlation times, the indirect hyperfine
field, which acts on nuclear spins, also reaches a maximum. This maximum is of
the order of the dipole-dipole magnetic field that nuclei create on each other.
This value is non-zero even if the average electron polarization vanishes. It
is shown that the transition from short correlation time to
does not affect the general structure of the equation for nuclear spin
temperature and nuclear polarization in the Knight field, but changes the
values of parameters, which now become functions of . For
correlation times larger than the precession time of nuclei in the electron
hyperfine field, it is found that three thermodynamic potentials (,
, ) characterize the polarized electron-nuclear spin
system. The values of these potentials are calculated assuming a sharp
transition from short to long correlation times, and the relaxation mechanisms
of these potentials are discussed. The relaxation of the nuclear spin potential
is simulated numerically showing that high nuclear polarization decreases
relaxation rate.Comment: RevTeX 4, 12 pages, 9 figure
KTM TOKAMAK OPERATION SCENARIOS SOFTWARE INFRASTRUCTURE
One of the largest problems for tokamak devices such as Kazakhstan Tokamak for Material Testing (KTM) is the operation scenarios' development and execution. Operation scenarios may be varied often, so a convenient hardware and software solution is required for scenario management and execution. Dozens of diagnostic and control subsystems with numerous configuration settings may be used in an experiment, so it is required to automate the subsystem configuration process to coordinate changes of the related settings and to prevent errors. Most of the diagnostic and control subsystems software at KTM was unified using an extra software layer, describing the hardware abstraction interface. The experiment sequence was described using a command language.The whole infrastructure was brought together by a universal communication protocol supporting various media, including Ethernet and serial links. The operation sequence execution infrastructure was used at KTM to carry out plasma experiments
Electron spin evolution induced by interaction with nuclei in a quantum dot
We study the decoherence of a single electron spin in an isolated quantum dot
induced by hyperfine interaction with nuclei for times smaller than the nuclear
spin relaxation time. The decay is caused by the spatial variation of the
electron envelope wave function within the dot, leading to a non-uniform
hyperfine coupling . We show that the usual treatment of the problem based
on the Markovian approximation is impossible because the correlation time for
the nuclear magnetic field seen by the electron spin is itself determined by
the flip-flop processes.
The decay of the electron spin correlation function is not exponential but
rather power (inverse logarithm) law-like. For polarized nuclei we find an
exact solution and show that the precession amplitude and the decay behavior
can be tuned by the magnetic field. The decay time is given by ,
where is the number of nuclei inside the dot. The amplitude of precession,
reached as a result of the decay, is finite. We show that there is a striking
difference between the decoherence time for a single dot and the dephasing time
for an ensemble of dots.Comment: Revtex, 11 pages, 5 figure
Fine structure and optical pumping of spins in individual semiconductor quantum dots
We review spin properties of semiconductor quantum dots and their effect on
optical spectra. Photoluminescence and other types of spectroscopy are used to
probe neutral and charged excitons in individual quantum dots with high
spectral and spatial resolution. Spectral fine structure and polarization
reveal how quantum dot spins interact with each other and with their
environment. By taking advantage of the selectivity of optical selection rules
and spin relaxation, optical spin pumping of the ground state electron and
nuclear spins is achieved. Through such mechanisms, light can be used to
process spins for use as a carrier of information
Topological solitons in highly anisotropic two dimensional ferromagnets
e study the solitons, stabilized by spin precession in a classical
two--dimensional lattice model of Heisenberg ferromagnets with non-small
easy--axis anisotropy. The properties of such solitons are treated both
analytically using the continuous model including higher then second powers of
magnetization gradients, and numerically for a discrete set of the spins on a
square lattice. The dependence of the soliton energy on the number of spin
deviations (bound magnons) is calculated. We have shown that the
topological solitons are stable if the number exceeds some critical value
. For and the intermediate values of anisotropy
constant ( is an exchange constant), the soliton
properties are similar to those for continuous model; for example, soliton
energy is increasing and the precession frequency is decreasing
monotonously with growth. For high enough anisotropy we found some fundamentally new soliton features absent for continuous
models incorporating even the higher powers of magnetization gradients. For
high anisotropy, the dependence of soliton energy E(N) on the number of bound
magnons become non-monotonic, with the minima at some "magic" numbers of bound
magnons. Soliton frequency have quite irregular behavior with
step-like jumps and negative values of for some regions of . Near
these regions, stable static soliton states, stabilized by the lattice effects,
exist.Comment: 17 page
Spin-orbit terms in multi-subband electron systems: A bridge between bulk and two-dimensional Hamiltonians
We analyze the spin-orbit terms in multi-subband quasi-two-dimensional
electron systems, and how they descend from the bulk Hamiltonian of the
conduction band. Measurements of spin-orbit terms in one subband alone are
shown to give incomplete information on the spin-orbit Hamiltonian of the
system. They should be complemented by measurements of inter-subband spin-orbit
matrix elements. Tuning electron energy levels with a quantizing magnetic field
is proposed as an experimental approach to this problem.Comment: Typos noticed in the published version have been corrected and
several references added. Published in the special issue of Semiconductors in
memory of V.I. Pere
Electron spin relaxation by nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots
We have studied theoretically the electron spin relaxation in semiconductor
quantum dots via interaction with nuclear spins. The relaxation is shown to be
determined by three processes: (i) -- the precession of the electron spin in
the hyperfine field of the frozen fluctuation of the nuclear spins; (ii) -- the
precession of the nuclear spins in the hyperfine field of the electron; and
(iii) -- the precession of the nuclear spin in the dipole field of its nuclear
neighbors. In external magnetic fields the relaxation of electron spins
directed along the magnetic field is suppressed. Electron spins directed
transverse to the magnetic field relax completely in a time on the order of the
precession period of its spin in the field of the frozen fluctuation of the
nuclear spins. Comparison with experiment shows that the hyperfine interaction
with nuclei may be the dominant mechanism of electron spin relaxation in
quantum dots
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